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Verification of the multi-layer SNOWPACK model with different water transport schemes

The widely used detailed SNOWPACK model has undergone constant development over the years. A notable recent extension is the introduction of a Richards equation (RE) solver as an alternative for the bucket-type approach for describing water transport in the snow and soil layers. In addition, continu...

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Tác giả chính:	N., Wever, L., Schmid, A., Heilig
Ngôn ngữ:	English
Năm xuất bản:	Copernicus Publications 2018
Chủ đề:	Geography Anthropology Recreation Environmental sciences \| Science Geology
Truy cập Trực tuyến:	http://lrc.quangbinhuni.edu.vn:8181/dspace/handle/DHQB_123456789/3970
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spelling	oai:localhost:DHQB_123456789-39702018-10-22T08:43:49Z Verification of the multi-layer SNOWPACK model with different water transport schemes N., Wever L., Schmid A., Heilig Geography Anthropology Recreation Environmental sciences \| Science Geology The widely used detailed SNOWPACK model has undergone constant development over the years. A notable recent extension is the introduction of a Richards equation (RE) solver as an alternative for the bucket-type approach for describing water transport in the snow and soil layers. In addition, continuous updates of snow settling and new snow density parameterizations have changed model behavior. This study presents a detailed evaluation of model performance against a comprehensive multiyear data set from Weissfluhjoch near Davos, Switzerland. The data set is collected by automatic meteorological and snowpack measurements and manual snow profiles. During the main winter season, snow height (RMSE: < 4.2 cm), snow water equivalent (SWE, RMSE: < 40 mm w.e.), snow temperature distributions (typical deviation with measurements: < 1.0 °C) and snow density (typical deviation with observations: < 50 kg m<sup>−3</sup>) as well as their temporal evolution are well simulated in the model and the influence of the two water transport schemes is small. The RE approach reproduces internal differences over capillary barriers but fails to predict enough grain growth since the growth routines have been calibrated using the bucket scheme in the original SNOWPACK model. However, the agreement in both density and grain size is sufficient to parameterize the hydraulic properties successfully. In the melt season, a pronounced underestimation of typically 200 mm w.e. in SWE is found. The discrepancies between the simulations and the field data are generally larger than the differences between the two water transport schemes. Nevertheless, the detailed comparison of the internal snowpack structure shows that the timing of internal temperature and water dynamics is adequately and better represented with the new RE approach when compared to the conventional bucket scheme. On the contrary, the progress of the meltwater front in the snowpack as detected by radar and the temporal evolution of the vertical distribution of melt forms in manually observed snow profiles do not support this conclusion. This discrepancy suggests that the implementation of RE partly mimics preferential flow effects. 2018-09-05T07:33:08Z 2018-09-05T07:33:08Z 2018 http://lrc.quangbinhuni.edu.vn:8181/dspace/handle/DHQB_123456789/3970 en Copernicus Publications
institution	Trung tâm Học liệu Đại học Quảng Bình (Dspace)
collection	Trung tâm Học liệu Đại học Quảng Bình (Dspace)
language	English
topic	Geography Anthropology Recreation Environmental sciences \| Science Geology
spellingShingle	Geography Anthropology Recreation Environmental sciences \| Science Geology N., Wever L., Schmid A., Heilig Verification of the multi-layer SNOWPACK model with different water transport schemes
description	The widely used detailed SNOWPACK model has undergone constant development over the years. A notable recent extension is the introduction of a Richards equation (RE) solver as an alternative for the bucket-type approach for describing water transport in the snow and soil layers. In addition, continuous updates of snow settling and new snow density parameterizations have changed model behavior. This study presents a detailed evaluation of model performance against a comprehensive multiyear data set from Weissfluhjoch near Davos, Switzerland. The data set is collected by automatic meteorological and snowpack measurements and manual snow profiles. During the main winter season, snow height (RMSE: < 4.2 cm), snow water equivalent (SWE, RMSE: < 40 mm w.e.), snow temperature distributions (typical deviation with measurements: < 1.0 °C) and snow density (typical deviation with observations: < 50 kg m<sup>−3</sup>) as well as their temporal evolution are well simulated in the model and the influence of the two water transport schemes is small. The RE approach reproduces internal differences over capillary barriers but fails to predict enough grain growth since the growth routines have been calibrated using the bucket scheme in the original SNOWPACK model. However, the agreement in both density and grain size is sufficient to parameterize the hydraulic properties successfully. In the melt season, a pronounced underestimation of typically 200 mm w.e. in SWE is found. The discrepancies between the simulations and the field data are generally larger than the differences between the two water transport schemes. Nevertheless, the detailed comparison of the internal snowpack structure shows that the timing of internal temperature and water dynamics is adequately and better represented with the new RE approach when compared to the conventional bucket scheme. On the contrary, the progress of the meltwater front in the snowpack as detected by radar and the temporal evolution of the vertical distribution of melt forms in manually observed snow profiles do not support this conclusion. This discrepancy suggests that the implementation of RE partly mimics preferential flow effects.
author	N., Wever L., Schmid A., Heilig
author_facet	N., Wever L., Schmid A., Heilig
author_sort	N., Wever
title	Verification of the multi-layer SNOWPACK model with different water transport schemes
title_short	Verification of the multi-layer SNOWPACK model with different water transport schemes
title_full	Verification of the multi-layer SNOWPACK model with different water transport schemes
title_fullStr	Verification of the multi-layer SNOWPACK model with different water transport schemes
title_full_unstemmed	Verification of the multi-layer SNOWPACK model with different water transport schemes
title_sort	verification of the multi-layer snowpack model with different water transport schemes
publisher	Copernicus Publications
publishDate	2018
url	http://lrc.quangbinhuni.edu.vn:8181/dspace/handle/DHQB_123456789/3970
_version_	1717292462032027648
score	9,463379

Verification of the multi-layer SNOWPACK model with different water transport schemes

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