Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://lrc.quangbinhuni.edu.vn:8181/dspace/handle/DHQB_123456789/3974
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dc.contributor.authorN.-X., Geilfus-
dc.contributor.authorR. J., Galley-
dc.contributor.authorO., Crabeck-
dc.date.accessioned2018-09-05T08:04:43Z-
dc.date.available2018-09-05T08:04:43Z-
dc.date.issued2015-
dc.identifier.urihttp://lrc.quangbinhuni.edu.vn:8181/dspace/handle/DHQB_123456789/3974-
dc.description.abstractMelt pond formation is a common feature of spring and summer Arctic sea ice, but the role and impact of sea ice melt and pond formation on both the direction and size of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes between air and sea is still unknown. Here we report on the CO<sub>2</sub>–carbonate chemistry of melting sea ice, melt ponds and the underlying seawater as well as CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes at the surface of first-year landfast sea ice in the Resolute Passage, Nunavut, in June 2012. <br><br> Early in the melt season, the increase in ice temperature and the subsequent decrease in bulk ice salinity promote a strong decrease of the total alkalinity (TA), total dissolved inorganic carbon (<i>T</i>CO<sub>2</sub>) and partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> (<i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>) within the bulk sea ice and the brine. As sea ice melt progresses, melt ponds form, mainly from melted snow, leading to a low in situ melt pond <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> (36 &mu;atm). The percolation of this low salinity and low <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> meltwater into the sea ice matrix decreased the brine salinity, TA and <i>T</i>CO<sub>2</sub>, and lowered the in situ brine <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> (to 20 &mu;atm). This initial low in situ <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> observed in brine and melt ponds results in air–ice CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes ranging between −0.04 and −5.4 mmol m<sup>&minus;2</sup> day<sup>&minus;1</sup> (negative sign for fluxes from the atmosphere into the ocean). As melt ponds strive to reach <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> equilibrium with the atmosphere, their in situ <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> increases (up to 380 &mu;atm) with time and the percolation of this relatively high concentration <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> meltwater increases the in situ brine <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> within the sea ice matrix as the melt season progresses. As the melt pond <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> increases, the uptake of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> becomes less significant. However, since melt ponds are continuously supplied by meltwater, their in situ <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> remains undersaturated with respect to the atmosphere, promoting a continuous but moderate uptake of CO<sub>2</sub> (~ −1 mmol m<sup>&minus;2</sup> day<sup>&minus;1</sup>) into the ocean. Considering the Arctic seasonal sea ice extent during the melt period (90 days), we estimate an uptake of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> of −10.4 Tg of C yr<sup>&minus;1</sup>. This represents an additional uptake of CO<sub>2</sub> associated with Arctic sea ice that needs to be further explored and considered in the estimation of the Arctic Ocean's overall CO<sub>2</sub> budget.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherCopernicus Publicationsen_US
dc.subjectScienceen_US
dc.subjectBiologyEcologyen_US
dc.subjectScienceen_US
dc.subjectBiologyen_US
dc.subjectGeologyen_US
dc.titleInorganic carbon dynamics of melt-pond-covered first-year sea ice in the Canadian Arcticen_US
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